Alkanes,Alkenes and Alkynes Short notes

 

Alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes are all types of hydrocarbons, which are compounds made up of only carbon and hydrogen atoms. These three types of hydrocarbons differ in the types of chemical bonds that hold their atoms together.

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Alkanes are hydrocarbons in which all the carbon-carbon bonds are single bonds. This means that each carbon atom is bonded to four other atoms, which can be other carbon atoms or hydrogen atoms. Methane (CH4) is the simplest alkane and serves as an example of this class of hydrocarbons. Alkanes are also known as saturated hydrocarbons because each carbon atom is bonded to the maximum number of atoms possible.

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Alkenes are hydrocarbons that contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond. This double bond means that each carbon atom in the double bond is bonded to only three other atoms instead of four. Ethene (C2H4) is the simplest alkene and serves as an example of this class of hydrocarbons. Alkenes are also known as unsaturated hydrocarbons because each carbon atom in the double bond is bonded to less atoms than the maximum number possible.

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Alkynes are hydrocarbons that contain at least one carbon-carbon triple bond. This triple bond means that each carbon atom in the triple bond is bonded to only two other atoms instead of four. Ethyne (C2H2) is the simplest alkyne and serves as an example of this class of hydrocarbons. Alkynes are also known as unsaturated hydrocarbons because each carbon atom in the triple bond is bonded to less atoms than the maximum number possible.

It's important to note that Alkanes, Alkenes and Alkynes have different chemical properties that make them suitable for different industrial applications. Alkanes, for example, are used as fuel and lubricants because of their high energy content and low reactivity. Alkenes and alkynes, on the other hand, are used as starting materials in the synthesis of many other compounds because of their reactivity.

In summary, alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes are all types of hydrocarbons that differ in the types of chemical bonds that hold their atoms together. Alkanes contain only single bonds, alkenes contain at least one double bond and alkynes contain at least one triple bond. These different types of hydrocarbons have different chemical properties and are used in different industrial applications. Understanding these differences is essential for students studying chemistry.