DNA Replication notes

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 DNA 🧬  replication is a Vital process that occurs in all living organisms. It is the process by which a cell duplicates its genetic material, creating an identical copy of itself. This process is essential for the growth and reproduction of cells, and it plays a crucial role in the continuation of life on Earth.








The process of DNA replication begins with the unwinding of the double helix structure of DNA. This is accomplished by enzymes called helicases, which break the hydrogen bonds holding the two strands of DNA together. Next, enzymes called primases add a short RNA primer to the exposed single strands of DNA. These primers serve as a starting point for the replication process.

After the primers are added, enzymes called DNA polymerases bind to the single strands of DNA and begin adding nucleotides, the building blocks of DNA, to the exposed strands. DNA polymerases can only add nucleotides to the 3' end of a strand, so replication proceeds in the 5' to 3' direction. Because of this, replication proceeds in opposite directions on the two strands of DNA, leading to the formation of two new complementary strands.

During replication, the leading strand, the strand that is replicated continuously in the 5' to 3' direction, is replicated quickly and easily. The lagging strand, on the other hand, is replicated in shorter fragments called Okazaki fragments, which are later joined together by an enzyme called DNA ligase.

As replication proceeds, the two strands of DNA separate, creating two identical copies of the original DNA molecule. This process is called semi-conservative replication, because each new DNA molecule contains one original strand and one newly synthesized strand.

In summary, DNA replication is a complex and precise process that is essential for the growth and reproduction of cells. It begins with the unwinding of the double helix structure of DNA, the adding of primers, and the addition of nucleotides by DNA polymerases. This process leads to the formation of two identical copies of the original DNA molecule, ensuring the continuity of life.

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